Qu'est-ce que la vitamine B12?
La B12 est l'une des huit vitamines B et est connue comme la vitamine énergétique; c'est en fait la plus grande de toutes les vitamines, et aussi le plus chimiquement complexe. C'est la seule vitamine essentielle qui contient l'oligo-minéral cobalt en son centre (d'où le nom de cobalamine). C'est une vitamine hydrosoluble qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la formation des globules rouges, métabolisme cellulaire, fonction nerveuse et production d'ADN. La vitamine B12 peut être consommée à fortes doses car l'excès est excrété par le corps ou stocké dans le foie pour être utilisé lorsque les réserves sont rares. Les magasins peuvent durer jusqu'à un an, ce qui peut rendre la détection de faibles niveaux de B12 plutôt délicate. En tant que produit biochimique, B12 joue le rôle de cofacteur dans l'organisme. Les cofacteurs agissent essentiellement comme des "molécules auxiliaires" dans le corps, qui assistent les processus biochimiques et les transformations.
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12 Benefits of B12
Energy Production: While all B vitamins are known for their role in energy production, vitamin B12 has been touted as the “energy vitamin” due to its role in various biochemical reactions throughout the body. The metabolism of every cell in the body depends on B12, as it plays a role in the synthesis of fatty acids and energy production. One of the most common early signs of vitamin B12 deficiency is fatigue or lack of energy, which may be due to its contribution in red blood cell formation (which carry oxygen throughout the body) and the prevention of anemia. If you suffer from anemia, the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells to transport oxygen to vital organs, which can lead to feelings of weakness and fatigue.
RBC & WBC Formation: Low vitamin B12 levels can cause a reduction in the formation of red blood cells and white blood cells, both of which are required for immune system functioning, energy production, clotting and platelet formation. Vitamin B12 has a vital role in cell growth and development in many processes and reactions that occur in the body and when levels become elevated or lower than normal, the process of healthy red blood cell formation can become inefficient.
Neurotransmitter Creation: Vitamin B12 is a precursor for the creation of GABA, an amino acid and neurotransmitter that acts to calm the brain. Vitamin B12 is also a cofactor in the synthesis of other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.
Cheveux, Skin and Nail Support: Due to the role that vitamin B12 plays in cell production, having enough B12 is required to promote the growth and production of healthy hair, peau et ongles. Low vitamin B12 levels have been found to contribute to various skin issues such as hyperpigmentation, as well as inflamed and cracker mouth corners and nail discoloration.
Myelin Production: Myelin is the protective coating around nerve cells found in the central nervous system, which is mostly made of fat and cholesterol. Myelin helps to produce myelin sheath, which protects the spinal, cranial and peripheral nerves and a lack of this protective coating can damage your nerves, resulting in neurological problems. Vitamin B12 is a major cofactor in forming myelin.
Mood Support: Depression has been linked to diminished B12 status and high homocysteine levels. A study found that those with B12 deficiency were associated with twice the risk of severe depression. Vitamin B-12 is also a required to make GABA and serotonin, both which can result in anti-anxiety and calming effects on the body. Folate and B12 are also both involved in the metabolism of SAM-e, which is crucial for neurological function and mood support. Vitamin B-12 is also required from the production of methionine, which is a precursor to SAM-e.
Soutien immunitaire: Vitamin B12 plays a role in the production of white blood cells, which are essential for proper immune system functioning. A lack of B12 can lower your overall immunity and your body’s ability to fight off foreign invaders and pathogens. Vitamin B12 has been shown to increase the production of natural kill cells as well as T- lymphocytes, both of which are needed for proper immune system health.
Cardiovascular and Eye Health: B12 and folate are important for homocysteine metabolism, an amino acid found in the blood. Elevated homocysteine levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (maladies cardiovasculaires). Research has found that supplementing with B12 to lower homocysteine levels and elevated homocysteine levels has been associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration.
Brain Health: B12 and methylation reactions are essential for the preservation of the myelin sheath around nerve cells and for the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Metabolic implications of B12 deficiency include the accumulation of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA), which might contribute to the neuropathologic features of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as cognitive impairment and decline and behavioral disorders.
Conception Support: Having adequate levels of B12 is necessary for maintain a healthy pregnancy. Studies have found that the development of the fetus’s brain and nervous system requires B12 levels from the mother to develop properly and having a B12 deficiency in early stages of pregnancy may increase the risk of birth defects. The status of B12 with the mother can also contribute to premature birth or increased risk for miscarriages.
Metabolism Support: Vitamin B12 helps the body convert fats and proteins into energy that is needed for our cells, as well as assists in the breakdown of carbohydrates. B vitamins are also essential for supporting functions of the liver, which deals with creating and breaking down various hormones that deal with our metabolism, detoxification pathways and stress response.
DNA Production: The preservation of DNA integrity depends on folate and B12 availability throughout the body. Deficiency of B12 essentially “traps” folate in a form that is unusable by the body, which is needed for DNA synthesis. Both B12 and folate deficiencies result in a diminished capacity for methylation reactions. Ainsi, B12 deficiency may lead to an elevated rate of DNA damage and altered methylation of DNA, both of which are important risk factors for cancer and overall cellular health.
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